Roger Sherman Greene, a descendant of American founding father Roger Sherman, was a pivotal figure in the establishment of Western medical practices in China. After serving for years as a distinguished diplomat, he joined the Rockefeller Foundation and served on the First China Medical Commission, whose recommendations directly led to the establishment of the China Medical Board and Peking Union Medical College. Greene served in several capacities, including eventually becoming the Director of the China Medical Board and the Acting Director of Peking Union Medical College. His influence and legacy on medical practices in China are still being felt today.